The Early Church and Peter's Primacy

Letter XIII, from Pope Simplicius to Acacius

Synopsis: Simplicius reaffirms the shared joy at the restoration of a Catholic bishop to the Church of Alexandria, urges Acacius to press the emperor frequently for the exile of Peter Mongus beyond the boundaries of his homeland, and asks to be kept informed of whatever is obtained from the imperial court.

Simplicius, bishop, to Acacius, bishop of Constantinople.

Simplicius Reaffirms the Common Joy and Urges Acacius to Press the Emperor for the Exile of Peter

Recently I conveyed the common joy in letters to Your Charity, at the request of those who had been sent to Us by Our brother and fellow bishop Timothy, bishop of the Church of Alexandria, and noted that We rejoice together in the fruit of this most pious work: that a Catholic priest has been restored to the aforementioned Church. This We have now also hastened to signify, so that you may know that Our joys do not love silence.

Therefore, always exulting and desiring to join the vows of our common prayers, I urge you, dearest brother, that in the matters arranged through the most clement and Christian prince — with God as Author — let the solicitude of your diligence not be wanting: let Peter — cast down from the honor he unjustly claimed — not be permitted to remain in the Alexandrian region, but let him be banished far beyond the boundaries of his homeland, as We too have requested. Press this upon the emperor by frequent petition, lest [Peter] seduce some of the ignorant by the persuasion of his perversity and turn them from the path of Catholic truth.

Whatever you obtain from the most religious empire, let the care of Your Charity bring it to my notice, and make Us partners in the actions pertaining to the preservation of evangelical doctrine.

Given on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of November [October 17, A.D. 478], in the consulship of Illus, the most distinguished man.

Source/Reference

Notes / Historical Commentary

Letter XIII is the companion piece to Letter XII, forming a coordinated pair addressed to the two figures through whom Roman policy was executed in the East: the patriarch of Constantinople and the emperor. Letter XIII to Acacius is dated October 17, 478; Letter XII to Zeno is dated October 23. Simplicius wrote to his intermediary first, then to the principal — the natural sequence for a pope pressing an imperial action through an Eastern patriarch. The two letters carry the same request (the exile of Peter Mongus beyond the boundaries of his homeland) and the same underlying concern (that Peter is still in Alexandria and still capable of seducing the weak).

The letter’s primacy content is modest in scale but structurally significant. Two features deserve the reader’s attention. First, Simplicius applies the word sollicitudo to Acacius’s expected diligence — the same vocabulary that defines the Roman bishop’s own universal pastoral responsibility. When Simplicius tells Acacius that “the solicitude of your diligence” must not be wanting, he is delegating a share of his own governing concern to Constantinople. This is not a request for independent action but a charge to execute with watchfulness the policy Rome has defined. Second, the closing request that Acacius “make Us partners in the actions pertaining to the preservation of evangelical doctrine” establishes a reporting obligation: whatever Acacius obtains from the emperor must be brought to Rome’s attention. The Roman bishop is not a distant observer of the Eastern situation but an active participant who expects to be informed and involved in every step.

The reader should note the cumulative weight of the exile requests across the corpus. Letter X asked Zeno directly. Letter XI channeled the same request through Acacius. Letter XII asked Zeno again. Now Letter XIII asks Acacius again. Four letters, two channels, the same request — and Peter Mongus is still in Alexandria. The repetition is not a sign of Simplicius’s weakness; it is a sign of the emperor’s inaction. By October 478, the pattern is clear: Rome defines the policy, Constantinople intermediates, the emperor delays, and the threat remains in place. Within four years the consequences of that inaction would arrive: Peter Mongus installed as patriarch under the Henoticon, with Acacius’s support, and the Acacian Schism opened. Every unanswered exile request in this sequence is a step along the path to 484.

The Early Church and Peter's Primacy