The Early Church and Peter's Primacy

Letter LXXVIII, from Pope Leo to Emperor Marcian

Synopsis: Leo writes to Emperor Marcian to express his joy at receiving the letters of Marcian’s piety — whose very words assure the integrity of the faith — urging him to recognize from his own benefits to the Church how much thanks are owed, and assuring him that the one for whose religion he is so piously solicitous will not fail to repay him in all things; and noting that he now writes briefly through the clerics of his brother Anatolius, while fuller writings on all that pertains to his care for the state of the Churches and the concord of the Lord’s bishops have been sent through his legates.

Leo, bishop, to Marcian, ever Augustus.

Leo Thanks Marcian for His Letters and Defense of the Faith; Fuller Correspondence Sent Through Legates

I rejoice to have received the letters of your piety and recognize that they pertain to the fulfillment of all prosperity — since the very words of your beginning make us confident in the integrity of the faith.

Know from your own benefits to the Church — not from our words — how many thanks we owe your clemency: not doubting what a repayer you will have in all things, for whose religion you are so piously solicitous, and who, as the matter itself shows, chose you to defend the Catholic faith from the snares of its enemies, most glorious emperor.

Let your piety graciously accept that I now write briefly through the clerics of my brother Anatolius. Fuller writings on all that pertains to my care for the state of the Churches and the concord of the Lord’s bishops I have sent through our legates.

Given on the Ides of April, in the consulship of Adeifius, most illustrious man.

Source/Reference

Notes / Historical Commentary

Letter LXXVIII is Leo’s first direct letter to Marcian following the November 450 exchange (Marcian’s Letter LXXVI, Pulcheria’s Letter LXXVII). Dated April 13, 451, it belongs to the pre-Chalcedon coordination period: the council that Marcian had proposed and Leo had accepted in principle was now being organized, and Leo’s legates — Abundius, Asterius, and others — were carrying the substantive correspondence while brief acknowledgment notes traveled through whatever messengers were available. The choice of Anatolius’s clerics as the bearers of this note is a quiet confirmation that the Roman-Constantinopolitan relationship has been normalized: Anatolius has subscribed to the Tome, Leo has accepted him as a brother bishop, and their respective clerics can now serve as ordinary couriers.

The letter is too short to carry much theological weight, but its opening phrase is worth noting: Marcian’s letters “pertain to the fulfillment of all prosperity.” This is Leo’s way of saying that a right-thinking emperor is not merely a political convenience but a sign of God’s providential ordering of human affairs. The emperor who defends the Catholic faith is the one God chose for the task — “as the matter itself shows” — and his reward will come from the one whose religion he defends. The contrast with Theodosius is implicit throughout: Theodosius had frustrated Leo’s every appeal; Marcian had immediately acted. The reward Leo promises is not diplomatic but theological: the one for whose religion Marcian is “so piously solicitous” will be his repayer in all things.

The Early Church and Peter's Primacy