Leo to Julian, bishop,1 and Aetius, presbyter, equally.2
Chapter I: Leo Rebukes Their Silence and Reports His Petition to the Emperor
Although I received a letter from your charity some time ago, I am nonetheless surprised that you allowed to pass in silence that opportunity for a reply which our brother Anatolius necessarily made use of — since, given the state of affairs and the nature of the matters at hand, there ought to be more frequent exchanges. I myself, having been more fully informed by the letters of the aforementioned brother about what the recklessness of the heretics has done at Alexandria, have written to the most merciful emperor and, as was necessary,3 made supplication concerning the state of the Church, that he apply the zeal of his piety to affairs that have been thrown into very great disorder. Therefore, just as I have exhorted our brother and fellow-bishop Anatolius, so also I do not cease to admonish your charity, that you should approach the most merciful emperor with whatever petitions shall prove opportune — for we have learned that he has already spontaneously provided certain measures as a bulwark for the Catholic religion — so that the effort may not be found difficult with one whose voluntary solicitude already anticipates it.
Chapter II: The Chalcedonian Decrees Must Remain Inviolate; A Catholic Bishop Must Be Appointed for Alexandria in Communion with the Apostolic See
Therefore, press on with unceasing appeals in the principal matter of the faith, that the decrees of the holy Council of Chalcedon may not be undermined by any snares of the heretics, nor may anything be overturned from that definition which, as divinely inspired, there is no doubt is consonant in all things with the evangelical and apostolic teachings. Then press with all diligence for this also: that the state of the Alexandrian Church be restored to the freedom of the ancient faith — the blindness of the heretics having been refuted and driven out — through the providence of Catholic priests, so that in the place of Proterius of holy memory, one most thoroughly proven and of whose faith there can be no doubt be appointed as bishop; to whom, with the security of concord, communion with the Apostolic See may be granted.4 For it will be sufficient glory for a devout prince if, by his dispositions, not only the whole commonwealth but also the Church of God shall be at peace.
Given on the fifth day before the Ides of July, in the consulship of Constantinus and Rufus.5
Footnotes
- ↩ Julian of Cos was Leo’s permanent representative (apocrisiarius) at the imperial court in Constantinople and one of his most trusted agents in the East. He had served as a papal legate at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and appears repeatedly in the Leo corpus as Leo’s instrument for communicating with the eastern court. Aetius, addressed as presbyter, was his colleague in this role. The fact that Leo writes to his own men at court on the same day he writes to the emperor (Letter CXLV) and to Anatolius (Letter CXLVI) reflects the coordinated structure of the July 11 campaign described in the Commentary below.
- ↩ Several manuscripts, including the Ratisbon codex, omit the name of Aetius and the address “equally,” suggesting the letter was at times transmitted as addressed to Julian alone. The more complete reading is followed here.
- ↩ The phrase sicut erat necessarium — “as was necessary” — is the same duty-language that appears in Letter CXLVI, written the same day, where Leo describes his petition to the emperor as in quantum debui — “as much as was my duty.” On July 11, 457, in three simultaneous letters, Leo twice characterizes his engagement with the imperial court not as a personal initiative or collegial response but as the discharge of an obligation belonging to his office. The ordinary and immediate jurisdiction of the Roman pontiff requires him to address the emperor on behalf of the universal Church; it is not an option but a duty.
- ↩ The phrase communio sedis apostolicæ præbeatur — “communion with the Apostolic See may be granted” — is the most jurisdictionally precise phrase in this letter. Leo is not articulating a hope or preference; he is describing an act he will perform: the granting of communion. The power to grant communion with the Apostolic See is the power to determine who holds valid orthodox episcopal standing in the Church. For a see as prominent as Alexandria, Leo’s grant of communion is not a subsequent recognition of legitimacy achieved by other means — it is the constitutive act that establishes it. This is the immediate jurisdiction of the Roman pontiff over Alexandria’s episcopal succession, exercised through a single directive phrase addressed to his agents at the imperial court.
- ↩ July 11, 457. This letter is the third arm of a coordinated three-letter campaign dispatched by Leo on the same day: Letter CXLV addressed the emperor directly, presenting the universal Church’s supplication through Leo; Letter CXLVI addressed Anatolius of Constantinople, directing him to reinforce Leo’s petition from his proximity to the court; and this letter directs Leo’s own permanent representatives at Constantinople to press the same case from within the imperial entourage. The three letters together display the Roman pontiff’s ordinary and immediate jurisdiction operating simultaneously through multiple instruments — emperor, eastern patriarch, and papal apocrisiarii — all activated by Rome on the same day. Some manuscript traditions number this letter 117 rather than 147.
Historical Commentary