The Early Church and Peter's Primacy

Letter XXI, from Ennodius of Pavia to Pope Symmachus

Synopsis: Ennodius of Pavia commends to Pope Symmachus the sons of Laurentius the Sublime — a man whose own probity and paternal prudence already advance his children’s affairs but whose paternal solicitude reaches beyond what his merits suffice for — asking the pope to graciously accept the affection toward these children that his beatitude has already named, that the prayers of the anxious father may be exceeded for them.

Ennodius to Pope Symmachus.

Ennodius Commends the Sons of Laurentius the Sublime: Paternal Solicitude Strives Beyond What Personal Merit Provides

Although the probity of the sublime man Laurentius stands by him for the recommendation of [his children, those] pledges, and his paternal prudence pursues the cause of his offspring, nevertheless with parental solicitude he advances to greater things, and he scarcely believes that what he himself merits suffices for [his] sons. He seeks an additional page in his stipulation by the offspring’s helper, and with trembling diligence of fathers he labors to share with the universe by ardor. Consider whether to a man so excellent his pious and just request can be denied.

May Divinity grant the effect of his prayers, and may [Your Beatitude] deign to bestow upon him this declared affection of Your Beatitude: that you may raise up the little ones whose father’s implored majesty pleads, that the prayers of the anxious [father] for them may be exceeded by the votes of his progenitors. My lord, I hope as before, that the kindness which was promised earlier may bear witness in this matter — if [the matters] above being grasped, double grace has been bestowed by him who prays through me — that it may understand [me].

Source/Reference

Notes / Historical Commentary

This brief letter is one of several patronage letters Ennodius wrote to Pope Symmachus on behalf of Western lay petitioners — in this case, the sons of a senatorial-aristocratic figure named Laurentius. Thiel’s footnote 1 records that Ennodius wrote about the same Laurentius in his own letter collection (Letter IV, 11), confirming the identification. The reader who knows Ennodius’s larger correspondence will recognize the pattern: as a Milanese deacon with social and ecclesiastical ties to both the senatorial aristocracy of northern Italy and the papal court at Rome, Ennodius regularly mediated Western lay petitions to the pope on behalf of figures whose own social rank put them in direct contact with both spheres.

The substantive primacy content of the letter is modest: Ennodius does not articulate doctrine but practices it. The pope is treated as the figure whose declared affection (nominatis affectum) carries the weight of substantive favor for senatorial families across the Western world; the bishop of Rome’s care extends naturally to the children of laymen who have made themselves known to him. The reader interested in the pattern of Roman primacy as it operated in routine pastoral practice will note the unselfconscious assumption underlying the letter: Symmachus’s care for the children of distant Western laymen is not strange but natural, the proper extension of the apostolic office that has solicitude for all the churches and through them for the faithful within them.

Laurentius the Sublime should not be confused with the antipope Laurentius of the Laurentian Schism (498–506). The honorific sublimis vir is a senatorial-aristocratic title, marking a layman of high secular rank; the antipope Laurentius was a presbyter of the Roman church before his irregular election. The two are distinct individuals, and the present letter’s references all point clearly to a layman whose sons need a paternal advocate at the apostolic court.

For the reader who is following the corpus arc, this letter shows another aspect of how the Roman pontiff’s office operated in routine pastoral practice during Symmachus’s pontificate: as the figure whose declared affection for Western laymen carried weight across the social and ecclesiastical structures of the Western Catholic world. The pope was not simply a doctrinal arbiter or a jurisdictional authority; he was the figure to whom the children of senators were commended by Western deacons, and whose pastoral solicitude was understood to extend naturally to the Catholic families across his vast patriarchal territory.

The Early Church and Peter's Primacy