The Early Church and Peter's Primacy

Letter VI, from Pope Hilarius to Leontius

Synopsis: Hilarius responds to Leontius’s congratulatory letter, noting that Leontius had written before receiving the encyclical announcement of the new pontificate, affirming the care he owes to all the Gallic churches and all the Lord’s priests, and pledging to provide for the universal concord of the priests so that all may seek the things of Christ rather than their own.

Hilarus, pope, to his most beloved brother Leontius.

To Our affection — which abounds toward the Gallican Churches and all the Lord’s priests in them, even those placed in the lower ranks — much increase has been added by the fact that the content of your address was delivered to Us through the illustrious man Pappolus, Our son. From this, however, We infer that Our letter, which We sent long ago concerning the beginnings of Our episcopate, had not yet reached you when you were writing: about which you certainly would not have been silent, had some cause not delayed the couriers. Therefore, what both custom and charity required, We signify that We had already performed — and We wish you to know this more fully from the very copies of the letters that We sent, so that you may understand that We were in no way negligent in fraternal duty, and that we may thus strive in turn to frequent exchanges, so that the care of writing may compensate for the absence of Our common presence, dearest brother.

You have therefore not permitted the grace of your affection to perish — since I know you to be intent on that solicitude by which you desire Us to strive to observe the rules of the paternal canons. Nothing more salutary could be conceived as a desire than this: that in the one Church — which ought to have neither spot nor wrinkle (Eph 5:27) — there be in all things a single observance of discipline. To which, if anything of instruction or correction must be added, it will most rightly be provided through your diligence, if — as you have deigned to write — a person well instructed be sent to Us, one who can fully inform Our inquiry from every angle. For We promise, as far as the grace of God grants Us to promise, that We shall provide for this — for the universal concord of the Lord’s priests: that all may not dare to seek their own things, but may strive to obtain the things which are Christ’s. May God keep you safe, dearest brother.

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Notes / Historical Commentary

Letter VI is Hilarius’s reply to Leontius’s congratulatory letter — the one in which the metropolitan of Arles rejoiced at Hilarius’s elevation, acknowledged the Roman Church as mother of all, and asked that the favors granted to Arles by the Apostolic See be preserved and increased. Hilarius’s reply is pastoral and brief, but two features deserve the reader’s attention.

The opening formula names the scope of Hilarius’s care. It reaches not only to Leontius or to the leading Gallic bishops, but to all the Gallican churches and all the priests in them, even those of lower rank. This is the sollicitudo vocabulary of Leo’s correspondence: the Roman bishop’s care is not for metropolitans only but for the whole clergy of a region, extending through every level of the hierarchy. That Hilarius opens his reply with this formula — rather than with a conventional expression of fraternal regard — signals that he understands the affection being expressed as an affection of office, not merely of person.

The closing promise makes the scope explicit. Hilarius pledges himself to provide for the universal concord of the Lord’s priests — the concord of the whole priesthood of the universal Church. The scriptural text he chooses is Phil 2:21, a passage Leo invokes repeatedly in his own sollicitudo formula: “Our solicitude, seeking not its own things but the things of Christ.” Hilarius and Leo share both the vocabulary of universal pastoral responsibility and the scriptural text that grounds it. When Hilarius pledges to provide for universal concord, he is using the same language his predecessor used to describe the office they both held.

The Early Church and Peter's Primacy