Leo, bishop, to Anatolius, bishop.
Chapter I: Leo Rebukes Anatolius for His Displeasure, Exposes Atticus’s Evasion, and Prescribes the Exact Terms of Valid Recantation
Having read the letter you sent through our son Patritius the deacon, I can see that you are displeased with the diligence of my solicitude,1 which, as countless experiences of your own have proved, springs from the fraternal charity I owe you, acting in accordance with the Lord’s commandment. I warned you about those who are known enemies of the common faith, so that the negligence of a shepherd should not be held responsible if someone were to presume to preach such things openly in the Catholic Church. Whether the rumor was true or not, I left to your judgment to determine. In nothing have I done dishonor to you: what had been reported to me I committed to your examination — namely, that the presbyter Atticus, who was said to dare such things, unless he gave complete satisfaction and condemned the heretics not only by voice but by the subscription of his own hand, should be excluded from communion. His written response in turn, far from clearing the matter, only confirmed what rumor had brought to us — for if he had genuinely wanted to prove his conscience clean, he would have confessed not merely that he found Eutyches himself personally odious, but that he condemned and rejected his wickedness outright.2 There is a difference between human personal quarrels, which can exist even among Catholics, and the diabolical errors which the Catholic Faith condemns. Therefore, dearest brother, you have no reason to doubt our goodwill toward you, if you take the prophet’s example and say: Did I not hate, Lord, those who hate you, and waste away over your enemies? (Ps. 138:21).
In order to remove all remaining suspicion, Atticus must make clear exactly what he anathematizes and condemns in Eutyches — plainly, without ambiguity, leaving no room for evasion. He must subscribe to the condemnation of that error in express terms; and he must do so in such a way that he publicly professes adherence to the definition of faith of the Council of Chalcedon — to which your own charity subscribed and which the authority of the Apostolic See has confirmed3 — in a written subscription by his own hand, recited before the Christian people in the Church itself. This is so that we may not be found negligent in the Catholic Faith, nor he any longer under suspicion. If, persevering in his obstinacy, he refuses to comply with these wholesome precepts, let him face the sentence of the Chalcedonian synod — whose definitions he has undermined.
Given on the fifth day before the Kalends of April, in the consulship of Leo and Majorian, most august Emperors.4
Footnotes
- ↩ The Latin is studium meæ sollicitudinis — “the diligence of my solicitude.” Sollicitudo is Leo’s defining term for the universal pastoral responsibility of the Roman bishop, the debt he owes to all the Churches. Here Anatolius is displeased with it; Leo responds not by explaining why he exceeded his authority but by defending why his sollicitudo required him to act. The presumption that Leo’s directives need justification is implicitly rejected: the only question is whether the exercise of his solicitude was an act of charity, and Leo says it was. Anatolius’s displeasure does not alter what the office demands.
- ↩ Leo here exposes the specific evasion in Atticus’s written response. Atticus had apparently claimed personal distaste for Eutyches — sufficient, he apparently thought, to demonstrate orthodox sympathies. Leo’s distinction is precise: personal odium for a man is not the same as doctrinal condemnation of his errors. Two things are categorically different: human quarrels, which can exist even between Catholics, and the diabolical errors which the Catholic Faith condemns. Atticus’s response navigated between these categories to avoid committing to the second while gesturing toward the first. Leo will not accept the evasion.
- ↩ The formula quam apostolicæ sedis firmavit auctoritas — “which the authority of the Apostolic See has confirmed” — appears here as it did in Letters CLX and CLXIII as the element that gives Chalcedon’s definition its finalizing authority. Two acts together sealed the definition: Anatolius’s subscription as the representative of the eastern episcopate, and the Apostolic See’s confirmation as the sovereign act of binding ratification. Leo lists them in that order — the Archbishop’s first, Rome’s second and last — presenting Rome’s confirmation as the closing, constitutive act that renders the definition not merely received but irreversibly settled.
- ↩ March 28, 458 — one week after the coordinated three-letter cluster of March 21 (Letters CLIX, CLX, CLXI, CLXII). This is the fifth letter in the Atticus affair and the second addressed to Anatolius specifically (after Letter CLI), now following the letter Leo wrote directly to the Constantinople clergy in CLXI. The Patritius through whom this letter is transmitted is identified in the apparatus as a deacon.
Historical Commentary