Leo to the Catholic bishops from Egypt residing at Constantinople.
Chapter I: Leo Consoles the Egyptian Bishops and Gives Thanks for the Emperor’s Charity Toward Them
Although I share wholeheartedly in the labors of your charity which you have undertaken in observance of the Catholic Faith, and receive what has been inflicted upon you by the heretics no differently than if I had suffered it myself,1 yet I understand that there is more cause for joy than sorrow in this — that you have stood unconquered, with the Lord Jesus Christ strengthening you in evangelical and apostolic teaching. And when the enemies of the Christian faith tore you from the sees of your churches, you preferred to endure the hardship of exile than to be defiled by any contagion of their impiety. Wherefore, having directed letters to our most Christian prince, I gave thanks to his piety for receiving you, as we have been informed, with the charity your dignity deserved.2 And I have no doubt that from his goodwill there has been granted to you such confidence that you may be able to pursue steadfastly what must be done for the state of the universal Church3 — for his clemency burns with priestly zeal for defending the decrees of the holy Council of Chalcedon, and nothing more wholesome or blessed can be provided to the whole world than that the mystery ordained before the ages4 may be kept inviolate throughout all ecclesiastical and royal peace.
Chapter II: Leo Exhorts Each of the Exiled Bishops to Steadfast Patience, Assured That God Will Restore the Alexandrian Church
Each and every one of you therefore — whom the same spirit and the same cause of faith has united, or who have followed you out of Egypt, with unflagging ardor of faith in defiance of the heretics’ persecution — I exhort with both brotherly and fatherly affection to endure these trials with even and steadfast spirit, recognizing that you have not lost your own possessions but have merited greater ones. Of that brief weariness by which the crowns of confessors5 are reached, God’s providence so makes use that through your patience the devotion of many may be strengthened, and that the Alexandrian Church, to the glory of the venerable prince and with the heretics expelled, may recover its ancient dignity.
Given on the fifth day before the Ides of October, in the consulship of Constantinus and Rufus.
Footnotes
- ↩ Leo’s language here goes beyond diplomatic sympathy. The two verbs — compatiar (“I suffer with”) and accipiam quam si ipse pertulerim (“I receive it as if I myself had borne it”) — are a claim of pastoral identity. The Egyptian bishops’ churches are Leo’s churches; what is inflicted on them is inflicted on him, because the ordinary and immediate jurisdiction of his office encompasses every church, including those of Alexandria and Egypt. The language of personal suffering is the pastoral expression of that jurisdiction — not sentiment, but structure.
- ↩ Leo has already written to the emperor specifically on behalf of the Egyptian refugee bishops — not on a doctrinal matter, but as a direct pastoral intercession for exiled clergy of another church. The Egyptian bishops are physically present at Constantinople, far closer to the imperial court than Rome is, yet it is Leo who has written to the emperor on their behalf. The ordinary and immediate jurisdiction of the Roman pontiff operates independently of geographic proximity: the Egyptian bishops’ cause is Leo’s cause to present to the emperor, regardless of where either party stands in relation to the court.
- ↩ The phrase pro universalis Ecclesiæ statu — “for the state of the universal Church” — frames the Egyptian bishops’ local crisis in the same terms Leo uses throughout this cluster. The murder of Proterius, the installation of Timothy Aelurus, and the exile of the Catholic bishops are not merely an Alexandrian problem; they are a matter of the universal Church, of which Leo is the pastoral guardian. The consistency of this framing across Letters CXLV through CLIV is itself significant: Leo never addresses any element of the Alexandrian crisis as a regional affair.
- ↩ The phrase dispositum ante sæcula sacramentum — “the mystery ordained before the ages” — refers to the Incarnation as an eternal divine decree, not a response to human circumstances. This is a standard patristic claim, but Leo’s deployment of it here is pointed: the Chalcedonian definition of the Incarnation is inviolable not merely because a council defined it, but because what the council defined is itself the eternal divine plan. The irreformability of Chalcedon traces back beyond the council to the eternal will of God.
- ↩ The “crowns of confessors” refers to the honor accorded to those who suffered for the faith without being put to death — the confessor being distinguished from the martyr by survival, but honored alongside him for bearing witness under persecution. The Egyptian bishops, driven from their sees and living in exile, belong to this honored category. Leo’s use of the term is both a consolation and a theological framing of their suffering: they are not victims of circumstance but witnesses to the faith.
Historical Commentary